The Love Canal area was
originally the site of an abandoned canal that became a dumping ground for
nearly 22,000 tons of chemical waste (including polychlorinated biphenyls,
dioxin, and pesticides) produced by the Hooker Chemicals and Plastics
Corporation in the 1940s and ’50s. In the following years, the site was filled
in and given by the company to the growing city of Niagara Falls, which allowed
housing to be built on it. In 1978, however, state officials detected the
leakage of toxic chemicals from underground into the basements of homes in the
area.
Subsequent investigations
established an abnormally high incidence of chromosomal damage among the area’s
residents, presumably caused by their long-term exposure to the toxic chemical
wastes. Much of Love Canal was then evacuated, the abandoned land being
purchased by the state of New York. The canal was capped and fenced off, and
the buildings around it were razed. After protracted litigation, 1,300 former
residents of Love Canal agreed to a $20,000,000 settlement of their claims
against the Occidental Chemical Corporation, which had taken over Hooker in the
late 1960s, and the city of Niagara Falls.
In the early 1990s New
York state ended its cleanup and declared parts of the Love Canal area safe to
live in. The area north of the dump site was renamed Black Creek Village, and
the state began to auction off houses there. In 1994 Occidental agreed to pay
$98 million to New York to compensate the state for its contribution to the
cleanup of Love Canal. The following year the company settled with the federal
government as well, agreeing to pay $129 million over three years.
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